主要讨论GDP作为衡量国家成功标准的局限性问题。
一、全文主旨
文章论证了GDP作为衡量国家发展水平的单一指标存在重大缺陷,呼吁采用更全面的指标体系来评估国家发展质量,特别是关注民众福祉(well-being)。
段落主旨
第一段:引用罗伯特·F·肯尼迪的话引出问题——GDP衡量了一切,除了那些让生活有价值的东西。结合英国脱欧背景,提出评估GDP局限性的必要性。
第二段:指出GDP概念的根本缺陷——衡量了不重要的东西,却遗漏了重要的东西。以英国为例,尽管GDP表现优异,但仍有1700万人支持脱欧,说明经济指标与民众感受存在脱节。
第三段:介绍一项关于各国将经济增长转化为民众福祉能力的研究,指出英国在这方面表现很差。该研究采用40多套标准,包括健康、教育、公民社会参与等多维度指标。
第四段:分析研究结果,指出虽然2008年金融危机后经济有所复苏,但主要经济体在健康、教育等关键指标上仍在下滑。相比之下,一些相对贫穷的欧洲国家在公民社会、收入平等、环境等方面取得巨大进步。
第五段:总结教训——当GDP不再被视为衡量国家成功的唯一标准时,世界看起来会截然不同。
第六段:回应开头引用,解释肯尼迪所指的含义——GDP作为衡量经济活动的方法已不够用,它没有包含环境质量、教育成果等影响个人幸福感的重要因素。
第七段:展望未来,建议政策制定者将重点转向改善民众福祉,而非单纯关注GDP数字,这样可能避免预期的经济衰退,甚至取得进步。
作者思想
作者持明确的批判态度,认为:
- GDP作为单一衡量标准存在根本缺陷
- 应该建立多维度的评估体系,重点关注民众福祉
- 政策制定者应该转变思维,从追求GDP增长转向追求全面发展
- 这种转变不仅必要,而且可能带来更好的发展前景
文章通过英国脱欧这一具体案例,深刻揭示了传统经济指标与民众实际感受之间的巨大鸿沟,为重新思考发展模式提供了有力论证。
二、逐句翻译与语法分析
第一段
原文: Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”
翻译: 罗伯特·F·肯尼迪曾经说过,一个国家的GDP衡量”除了那些让生活有价值的东西之外的一切”。
语法分析:
- 主句:Robert F. Kennedy once said + 宾语从句
- 宾语从句:that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile”
- except后接that引导的宾语从句,其中which引导定语从句修饰that
重点词汇:
- GDP = Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值
- measure v. 衡量,测量
- except prep. 除了…之外
- worthwhile adj. 值得的,有价值的(考研高频词)
原文: With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
翻译: 随着英国投票脱离欧盟,GDP因此已被预测将放缓,现在正是评估他所指内容的合适时机。
语法分析:
- with复合结构作状语:With + 宾语 + 宾补(voting to leave…)
- 并列的with结构:and GDP already predicted to slow
- 主句:it is now a timely moment to assess…
- assess后接what引导的宾语从句
重点词汇短语:
- vote to do 投票做某事
- the European Union 欧盟
- predict v. 预测(考研核心词)
- as a result 因此,结果
- timely adj. 及时的,适时的
- assess v. 评估,评价(考研高频词)
- refer to 指的是,涉及
第二段
原文: The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.
翻译: GDP及其有用性的问题已经困扰政策制定者超过半个世纪了。
语法分析:
- 主语:The question of GDP and its usefulness
- 谓语:has annoyed(现在完成时)
- 宾语:policymakers
- 时间状语:for over half a century
重点词汇:
- usefulness n. 有用性,实用性
- annoy v. 使烦恼,困扰
- policymaker n. 政策制定者(考研重点词汇)
原文: Many argue that it is a flawed concept.
翻译: 许多人认为这是一个有缺陷的概念。
语法分析:
- 主语:Many(代词,指代many people)
- 谓语:argue
- 宾语从句:that it is a flawed concept
重点词汇:
- argue v. 争论,认为(考研核心词)
- flawed adj. 有缺陷的,有瑕疵的(考研重点词汇)
- concept n. 概念,观念(考研高频词)
原文: It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.
翻译: 它衡量那些不重要的东西,却遗漏了重要的东西。
语法分析:
- 并列句:It measures… and misses…
- 第一个分句:things后接that引导的定语从句(do not matter)
- 第二个分句:things后接that引导的定语从句(do,此处do指代matter)
重点词汇短语:
- matter v. 重要,有关系(考研核心词)
- miss v. 错过,遗漏
原文: By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures.
翻译: 根据最近的大多数衡量标准,英国的GDP一直是西方世界羡慕的对象,失业率创纪录地低,增长数据很高。
语法分析:
- 介词短语作状语:By most recent measures
- 主句:the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world
- with复合结构作伴随状语:with record low unemployment and high growth figures
重点词汇短语:
- by… measures 根据…衡量标准
- recent adj. 最近的(考研高频词)
- envy n. 羡慕,嫉妒(考研重点词汇)
- record adj. 创纪录的
- unemployment n. 失业(考研核心词汇)
- growth figures 增长数据
原文: If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
翻译: 如果一切都进展得如此顺利,那么为什么超过1700万人投票支持脱欧,尽管有关于脱欧可能对他们国家经济前景造成影响的警告?
语法分析:
- 条件状语从句:If everything was going so well
- 主句:why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit
- 让步状语从句:despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects
- what引导的宾语从句作about的宾语
重点词汇短语:
- go well 进展顺利
- Brexit n. 英国脱欧
- despite prep. 尽管(考研核心词)
- warning n. 警告(考研高频词)
- economic prospects 经济前景
- prospect n. 前景,前途(考研重点词汇)
第三段
原文: A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.
翻译: 一项关于各国及其将增长转化为福祉能力的最新年度研究为这个问题提供了一些启示。
语法分析:
- 主语:A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being
- 谓语:sheds some light on
- 宾语:that question
重点词汇短语:
- annual adj. 年度的,每年的(考研高频词)
- convert v. 转换,转化(考研核心词)
- well-being n. 福祉,幸福(考研重点词汇)
- shed light on 阐明,解释(考研重要短语)
原文: Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.
翻译: 在被衡量的163个国家中,英国是确保经济增长转化为公民有意义改善方面表现最差的国家之一。
语法分析:
- 介词短语作状语:Across the 163 countries measured
- 主句:the UK is one of the poorest performers
- in ensuring后接that引导的宾语从句
重点词汇短语:
- across prep. 在…范围内
- performer n. 表现者,执行者
- ensure v. 确保,保证(考研核心词)
- translate into 转化为(考研重要短语)
- meaningful adj. 有意义的(考研高频词)
- improvement n. 改善,改进(考研核心词)
- citizen n. 公民(考研高频词)
原文: Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
翻译: 这项研究没有仅仅关注GDP,而是衡量了来自健康、教育和公民社会参与等40多套不同标准,以获得对各国表现更全面的评估。
语法分析:
- Rather than引导的比较状语
- 主语:over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement
- 谓语:have been measured(现在完成时被动语态)
- 目的状语:to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing
重点词汇短语:
- rather than 而不是(考研重要短语)
- focus on 关注,专注于
- criteria n. 标准,准则(criterion的复数形式)
- civil society 公民社会
- engagement n. 参与,投入(考研重点词汇)
- rounded adj. 全面的,完整的
- assessment n. 评估,评价(考研核心词)
第四段
原文: While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes.
翻译: 虽然所有这些国家都面临各自的挑战,但存在一些一致的主题。
语法分析:
- While引导让步状语从句
- 主句:there are a number of consistent themes(there be句型)
重点词汇:
- face v. 面临,面对(考研高频词)
- challenge n. 挑战(考研核心词)
- consistent adj. 一致的,连贯的(考研重点词汇)
- theme n. 主题,话题(考研高频词)
原文: Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline.
翻译: 是的,自2008年全球经济崩溃以来,经济一直在萌芽复苏,但在健康和教育等领域的关键指标方面,主要经济体持续下滑。
语法分析:
- 转折复合句:Yes, there has been… but…
- 第一个分句:there has been a budding economic recovery(现在完成时)
- 时间状语:since the 2008 global crash
- 第二个分句:major economies have continued to decline
- 地点状语:in key indicators in areas such as health and education
重点词汇短语:
- budding adj. 萌芽的,新兴的
- recovery n. 复苏,恢复(考研核心词)
- global adj. 全球的(考研高频词)
- crash n. 崩溃,暴跌
- indicator n. 指标,指示器(考研重点词汇)
- such as 例如,比如
- major adj. 主要的(考研高频词)
- economy n. 经济(考研核心词)
- continue to do 继续做某事
- decline v./n. 下降,衰落(考研核心词)
原文: Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.
翻译: 然而,并非所有国家都是这种情况。
语法分析:
- Yet表转折
- 主系表结构:this isn’t the case
- 介词短语作状语:with all countries
重点词汇短语:
- yet conj. 然而,但是
- case n. 情况,案例(考研高频词)
原文: Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.
翻译: 一些相对贫穷的欧洲国家在包括公民社会、收入平等和环境在内的各项衡量标准上都有巨大改善。
语法分析:
- 主语:Some relatively poor European countries
- 谓语:have seen(现在完成时)
- 宾语:huge improvements
- 介词短语作状语:across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment
重点词汇短语:
- relatively adv. 相对地(考研高频词)
- huge adj. 巨大的(考研高频词)
- across prep. 在…范围内
- including prep. 包括
- income equality 收入平等
- equality n. 平等(考研重要词汇)
- environment n. 环境(考研核心词)
第五段
原文: This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.
翻译: 这是富裕国家可以学到的一个教训:当GDP不再被视为衡量一个国家成功的唯一标准时,世界看起来就会非常不同。
语法分析:
- 主句:This is a lesson that rich countries can learn
- that引导定语从句修饰lesson
- 冒号后为解释说明
- When引导时间状语从句,其中包含被动语态be regarded as
重点词汇短语:
- lesson n. 教训,课程(考研高频词)
- regard as 视为,认为(考研重要短语)
- sole adj. 唯一的,单独的(考研重点词汇)
- success n. 成功(考研核心词)
第六段
原文: So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.
翻译: 所以,肯尼迪所指的是,虽然GDP一直是衡量各国经济活动最常见的方法,但作为一种衡量标准,它已经不够了。
语法分析:
- 主句:what Kennedy was referring to was that…(主语从句 + 表语从句)
- 表语从句中包含while引导的让步状语从句
- as a measure作插入语
重点词汇短语:
- refer to 指的是,涉及
- common adj. 常见的,普通的(考研高频词)
- method n. 方法,手段(考研核心词)
- economic activity 经济活动
- activity n. 活动(考研高频词)
- nation n. 国家,民族(考研核心词)
- no longer 不再
原文: It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.
翻译: 它不包括重要因素,如环境质量或教育成果——所有这些都有助于一个人的幸福感。
语法分析:
- 主句:It does not include important factors such as…
- 破折号后为同位语:all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being
- that引导定语从句修饰things
重点词汇短语:
- include v. 包括,包含(考研核心词)
- factor n. 因素,要素(考研核心词)
- environmental quality 环境质量
- outcome n. 结果,成果(考研重要词汇)
- contribute to 有助于,促成(考研重要短语)
- sense n. 感觉,意识(考研高频词)
第七段
原文: The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.
翻译: 预测在世界各地和英国的经济增长受到的严重冲击可能导致我们日常依赖的、对我们的福祉和增长至关重要的服务出现下滑。
语法分析:
- 主语:The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK
- 其中predicted为过去分词作后置定语修饰hit
- 谓语:could lead to
- 宾语:a decline in the everyday services
- 定语从句:we depend on for our well-being and for growth修饰services
重点词汇短语:
- sharp adj. 急剧的,尖锐的(考研高频词)
- hit n. 冲击,打击
- predict v. 预测(考研核心词)
- lead to 导致(考研重要短语)
- decline n. 下降,衰落(考研核心词)
- everyday adj. 日常的,每天的
- depend on 依赖,依靠(考研重要短语)
原文: But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.
翻译: 但是,将努力重新聚焦于改善福祉而不是单纯担心GDP数据的政策制定者可能避免预测的厄运,甚至可能看到进步。
语法分析:
- 主语:policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures
- 其中who引导定语从句修饰policymakers
- 谓语:could avoid… and may even see…(并列谓语)
重点词汇短语:
- refocus v. 重新聚焦,重新关注
- effort n. 努力,尝试(考研核心词)
- improve v. 改善,改进(考研核心词)
- rather than 而不是(考研重要短语)
- simply adv. 仅仅,只是(考研高频词)
- worry about 担心,忧虑
- figure n. 数字,数据(考研高频词)
- avoid v. 避免(考研核心词)
- forecast v. 预测,预报(考研重点词汇)
- doom n. 厄运,灾难
- progress n. 进步,进展(考研核心词)
重点语法总结
- 复合句型:宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句的综合运用
- 被动语态:be predicted, be regarded as, have been measured等
- 完成时态:现在完成时的广泛使用
- 非谓语动词:过去分词作定语、不定式作目的状语
- 介词短语:大量介词短语作状语的使用
- 比较结构:rather than的使用
核心考研词汇汇总
动词类: measure, predict, assess, argue, convert, ensure, focus, face, decline, include, contribute, improve, avoid
名词类: concept, policymaker, unemployment, prospect, well-being, assessment, challenge, recovery, indicator, equality, factor, outcome, progress
形容词类: worthwhile, flawed, consistent, major, sole, sharp
短语类: refer to, shed light on, translate into, rather than, focus on, lead to, depend on, contribute to
三、题目详解
Q1. 细节题
题目: Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he ______.
选项:
- [A] praised the UK for its GDP
- [B] identified GDP with happiness
- [C] misinterpreted the role of GDP
- [D] had a low opinion of GDP
正确答案:D
详细解析:
定位信息: 文章第一段开头引用了肯尼迪的话:”Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures ‘everything except that which makes life worthwhile.'”
分析过程:
- 肯尼迪说GDP衡量”除了那些让生活有价值的东西之外的一切”
- 这句话的含义是:GDP衡量了所有东西,但恰恰遗漏了最重要的——让生活有价值的东西
- 这明显是对GDP的批评态度,认为GDP作为衡量标准是不够的、有缺陷的
选项分析:
- A项错误: 肯尼迪并没有赞扬英国的GDP表现
- B项错误: 肯尼迪恰恰相反,认为GDP与幸福感/生活价值不等同
- C项错误: 肯尼迪没有误解GDP的作用,而是准确指出了其局限性
- D项正确: “had a low opinion of GDP”意为”对GDP评价不高”,符合肯尼迪批评GDP的态度
考点总结: 引用题,考查对引用内容深层含义的理解
Q2. 推理题
题目: It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ______.
选项:
- [A] the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern
- [B] GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK
- [C] the UK will contribute less to the world economy
- [D] policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP
正确答案:B
详细解析:
定位信息: 第二段重点内容:
- “Many argue that it is a flawed concept”
- “By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world”
- “If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?”
推理过程:
- 英国GDP表现优异,是西方世界羡慕的对象
- 但是,尽管有经济警告,仍有超过1700万人投票支持脱欧
- 这说明民众并不认同GDP作为衡量国家成功的标准
- 如果GDP真的代表成功,人们就不会在经济前景不明的情况下选择脱欧
选项分析:
- A项错误: 文中没有提及英国不愿意改变经济模式
- B项正确: “widely defied”意为”广泛反对”,超过1700万人投票脱欧正说明了这一点
- C项错误: 文中没有涉及英国对世界经济贡献的内容
- D项错误: 文中没有证据表明政策制定者不关注GDP
考点总结: 段落推理题,需要综合分析段落信息得出合理推论
Q3. 细节题
题目: Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?
选项:
- [A] It is sponsored by 163 countries.
- [B] It excludes GDP as an indicator.
- [C] Its criteria are questionable.
- [D] Its results are enlightening.
正确答案:D
详细解析:
定位信息: 第三段关于这项研究的描述:
- “A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question”
- “over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured”
- “Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers”
分析过程:
- “sheds some light on that question”意为”为这个问题提供了一些启示”
- 这表明研究结果是有启发性的、有价值的
选项分析:
- A项错误: 163是被研究的国家数量,不是赞助研究的国家数量
- B项错误: 文中说”Rather than just focusing on GDP”,意思是不仅仅关注GDP,而不是排除GDP
- C项错误: 文中没有质疑研究标准的表述
- D项正确: “enlightening”意为”有启发性的”,与”sheds some light on”意思相符
考点总结: 细节理解题,考查对具体信息的准确把握
Q4. 细节题
题目: In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that ______.
选项:
- [A] the UK is preparing for an economic boom
- [B] high GDP foreshadows an economic decline
- [C] it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP
- [D] it requires caution to handle economic issues
正确答案:C
详细解析:
定位信息: 最后两段的关键内容:
- 第六段:”It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes—all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being”
- 第七段:”But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress”
分析过程:
- 作者明确指出GDP不包括环境质量、教育成果等重要因素
- 建议政策制定者应该关注改善民众福祉,而不是单纯担心GDP数字
- 这样做可以避免预测的厄运,甚至可能取得进步
选项分析:
- A项错误: 文中没有提及英国准备经济繁荣
- B项错误: 作者没有说高GDP预示经济衰退
- C项正确: “essential to consider factors beyond GDP”正是作者的核心观点
- D项错误: 文中强调的是改变关注点,而非谨慎处理
考点总结: 作者观点题,考查对作者核心建议的理解
Q5. 主旨题
题目: Which of the following is the best title for the text?
选项:
- [A] High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson
- [B] GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health
- [C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP
- [D] Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-being
正确答案:A
详细解析:
文章主旨分析:
- 文章以英国为例,说明了GDP与民众实际福祉之间的脱节
- 英国GDP表现优异,但民众仍选择脱欧,说明GDP不能完全反映国家发展质量
- 作者呼吁采用更综合的指标来衡量国家成功,特别是关注民众福祉
- 英国的案例为其他国家提供了教训
选项分析:
- A项正确:
- “High GDP But Inadequate Well-being”准确概括了文章的核心矛盾
- “a UK Lesson”体现了英国案例的教训意义
- 涵盖了文章的主要论点和例证
- B项错误: 文章重点不是GDP作为全球经济健康的窗口,而是批评GDP的局限性
- C项错误: 肯尼迪只是引言,不是文章主角
- D项错误: 脱欧只是例证,不是通往幸福的门户
考点总结: 主旨大意题,需要综合全文内容,找出最能概括文章核心观点的选项
解题技巧总结
1. 细节题解题策略
- 精确定位: 根据题目关键词快速定位到相关段落
- 同义替换: 注意选项与原文的同义表达
- 排除干扰: 识别明显错误或无关信息
2. 推理题解题策略
- 逻辑分析: 基于文中信息进行合理推断
- 避免过度推理: 推论要有文本依据,不能凭主观臆测
- 注意隐含信息: 理解作者未明说但暗示的观点
3. 主旨题解题策略
- 全文把握: 综合考虑文章各段落的核心内容
- 关键词识别: 找出文章反复出现的核心概念
- 排除片面选项: 避免选择只涉及文章某一方面的选项
4. 本文核心词汇
- GDP相关: measure, indicator, figure, economic activity
- 福祉相关: well-being, worthwhile, meaningful improvement
- 评估相关: assess, evaluate, criteria, standard
- 政策相关: policymaker, refocus efforts, avoid doom
这些题目充分体现了考研英语阅读理解的特点:既考查对具体信息的准确理解,也考查对作者观点和文章主旨的深层把握。
四、考研要点全汇总
一、考研核心词汇 (按词性分类)
动词类 (Verbs)
单词 | 音标 | 中文 | 考频 | 例句/搭配 |
---|---|---|---|---|
measure | /ˈmeʒə(r)/ | 衡量,测量 | ★★★★★ | measure sth., take measures |
assess | /əˈses/ | 评估,评价 | ★★★★★ | assess the situation |
predict | /prɪˈdɪkt/ | 预测,预言 | ★★★★★ | predict the future |
argue | /ˈɑːɡjuː/ | 争论,认为 | ★★★★★ | argue that… |
convert | /kənˈvɜːt/ | 转换,转化 | ★★★★ | convert A into B |
ensure | /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ | 确保,保证 | ★★★★★ | ensure that… |
focus | /ˈfəʊkəs/ | 关注,聚焦 | ★★★★★ | focus on sth. |
face | /feɪs/ | 面临,面对 | ★★★★★ | face challenges |
decline | /dɪˈklaɪn/ | 下降,衰落 | ★★★★★ | decline in quality |
include | /ɪnˈkluːd/ | 包括,包含 | ★★★★★ | include sth. in… |
contribute | /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ | 贡献,有助于 | ★★★★★ | contribute to sth. |
improve | /ɪmˈpruːv/ | 改善,改进 | ★★★★★ | improve living standards |
avoid | /əˈvɔɪd/ | 避免 | ★★★★★ | avoid doing sth. |
regard | /rɪˈɡɑːd/ | 视为,认为 | ★★★★ | regard as… |
annoy | /əˈnɔɪ/ | 使烦恼,困扰 | ★★★ | be annoyed by… |
miss | /mɪs/ | 错过,遗漏 | ★★★★★ | miss the point |
matter | /ˈmætə(r)/ | 重要,有关系 | ★★★★★ | It doesn’t matter |
translate | /trænsˈleɪt/ | 翻译,转化 | ★★★★ | translate into… |
continue | /kənˈtɪnjuː/ | 继续 | ★★★★★ | continue to do |
depend | /dɪˈpend/ | 依靠,依赖 | ★★★★★ | depend on… |
refocus | /riːˈfəʊkəs/ | 重新聚焦 | ★★ | refocus efforts |
forecast | /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ | 预测,预报 | ★★★ | weather forecast |
worry | /ˈwʌri/ | 担心,忧虑 | ★★★★ | worry about… |
名词类 (Nouns)
单词 | 音标 | 中文 | 考频 | 例句/搭配 |
---|---|---|---|---|
GDP | /ˌdʒiː diː ˈpiː/ | 国内生产总值 | ★★★★ | GDP growth |
concept | /ˈkɒnsept/ | 概念,观念 | ★★★★★ | basic concept |
policymaker | /ˈpɒləsiˌmeɪkə(r)/ | 政策制定者 | ★★★★ | government policymakers |
unemployment | /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ | 失业 | ★★★★★ | unemployment rate |
prospect | /ˈprɒspekt/ | 前景,前途 | ★★★★ | economic prospects |
well-being | /ˌwel ˈbiːɪŋ/ | 福祉,幸福 | ★★★★ | personal well-being |
assessment | /əˈsesmənt/ | 评估,评价 | ★★★★★ | risk assessment |
challenge | /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ | 挑战 | ★★★★★ | face challenges |
recovery | /rɪˈkʌvəri/ | 复苏,恢复 | ★★★★ | economic recovery |
indicator | /ˈɪndɪkeɪtə(r)/ | 指标,指示器 | ★★★★ | key indicators |
equality | /ɪˈkwɒləti/ | 平等 | ★★★★ | income equality |
factor | /ˈfæktə(r)/ | 因素,要素 | ★★★★★ | important factor |
outcome | /ˈaʊtkʌm/ | 结果,成果 | ★★★★ | education outcomes |
progress | /ˈprəʊɡres/ | 进步,进展 | ★★★★★ | make progress |
usefulness | /ˈjuːsfəlnəs/ | 有用性,实用性 | ★★★ | practical usefulness |
envy | /ˈenvi/ | 羡慕,嫉妒 | ★★★ | the envy of… |
warning | /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ | 警告 | ★★★★ | issue a warning |
performer | /pəˈfɔːmə(r)/ | 表现者,执行者 | ★★★ | poor performer |
improvement | /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/ | 改善,改进 | ★★★★★ | significant improvement |
citizen | /ˈsɪtɪzn/ | 公民 | ★★★★★ | ordinary citizens |
criteria | /kraɪˈtɪəriə/ | 标准,准则(复数) | ★★★★ | selection criteria |
engagement | /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/ | 参与,投入 | ★★★★ | civic engagement |
theme | /θiːm/ | 主题,话题 | ★★★★ | main theme |
economy | /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ | 经济 | ★★★★★ | market economy |
environment | /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ | 环境 | ★★★★★ | natural environment |
lesson | /ˈlesn/ | 教训,课程 | ★★★★ | learn a lesson |
method | /ˈmeθəd/ | 方法,手段 | ★★★★★ | effective method |
activity | /ækˈtɪvəti/ | 活动 | ★★★★★ | economic activity |
nation | /ˈneɪʃn/ | 国家,民族 | ★★★★★ | developing nations |
sense | /sens/ | 感觉,意识 | ★★★★★ | sense of humor |
hit | /hɪt/ | 冲击,打击 | ★★★★ | economic hit |
effort | /ˈefət/ | 努力,尝试 | ★★★★★ | make efforts |
figure | /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ | 数字,数据 | ★★★★★ | sales figures |
doom | /duːm/ | 厄运,灾难 | ★★ | face doom |
case | /keɪs/ | 情况,案例 | ★★★★★ | in this case |
crash | /kræʃ/ | 崩溃,暴跌 | ★★★ | stock market crash |
success | /səkˈses/ | 成功 | ★★★★★ | achieve success |
形容词类 (Adjectives)
单词 | 音标 | 中文 | 考频 | 例句/搭配 |
---|---|---|---|---|
worthwhile | /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ | 值得的,有价值的 | ★★★★ | worthwhile investment |
flawed | /flɔːd/ | 有缺陷的,有瑕疵的 | ★★★★ | flawed logic |
consistent | /kənˈsɪstənt/ | 一致的,连贯的 | ★★★★ | consistent results |
major | /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ | 主要的 | ★★★★★ | major issues |
sole | /səʊl/ | 唯一的,单独的 | ★★★★ | sole purpose |
sharp | /ʃɑːp/ | 急剧的,尖锐的 | ★★★★ | sharp decline |
recent | /ˈriːsnt/ | 最近的 | ★★★★★ | recent studies |
meaningful | /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ | 有意义的 | ★★★★ | meaningful change |
relatively | /ˈrelətɪvli/ | 相对地 | ★★★★ | relatively small |
huge | /hjuːdʒ/ | 巨大的 | ★★★★★ | huge difference |
common | /ˈkɒmən/ | 常见的,普通的 | ★★★★★ | common problem |
important | /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ | 重要的 | ★★★★★ | important factor |
global | /ˈɡləʊbl/ | 全球的 | ★★★★★ | global economy |
annual | /ˈænjuəl/ | 年度的,每年的 | ★★★★ | annual report |
timely | /ˈtaɪmli/ | 及时的,适时的 | ★★★ | timely action |
budding | /ˈbʌdɪŋ/ | 萌芽的,新兴的 | ★★ | budding artist |
record | /ˈrekɔːd/ | 创纪录的 | ★★★ | record high |
rounded | /ˈraʊndɪd/ | 全面的,完整的 | ★★★ | well-rounded |
everyday | /ˈevridei/ | 日常的,每天的 | ★★★★ | everyday life |
副词类 (Adverbs)
单词 | 音标 | 中文 | 考频 | 例句/搭配 |
---|---|---|---|---|
simply | /ˈsɪmpli/ | 仅仅,只是 | ★★★★★ | simply because |
relatively | /ˈrelətɪvli/ | 相对地 | ★★★★ | relatively easy |
yet | /jet/ | 然而,但是 | ★★★★★ | yet another |
二、重点短语搭配 (Key Phrases)
高频动词短语
短语 | 中文 | 用法 | 例句 |
---|---|---|---|
refer to | 指的是,涉及 | refer to sth./sb. | What he was referring to… |
focus on | 关注,专注于 | focus on sth./doing | focus on improving |
lead to | 导致 | lead to sth./doing | lead to a decline |
depend on | 依靠,依赖 | depend on sth./sb. | depend on services |
contribute to | 有助于,促成 | contribute to sth./doing | contribute to well-being |
worry about | 担心,忧虑 | worry about sth./doing | worry about GDP |
regard as | 视为,认为 | regard…as… | regard GDP as measure |
translate into | 转化为 | translate A into B | translate growth into well-being |
shed light on | 阐明,解释 | shed light on sth. | shed light on the question |
vote for | 投票支持 | vote for sth./sb. | vote for Brexit |
convert into | 转换成 | convert A into B | convert growth into well-being |
continue to | 继续做 | continue to do | continue to decline |
rather than | 而不是 | A rather than B | improving rather than worrying |
介词短语
短语 | 中文 | 用法 | 例句 |
---|---|---|---|
except that | 除了…之外 | except that + 从句 | everything except that which… |
as a result | 因此,结果 | 句首/句中 | GDP predicted to slow as a result |
such as | 例如,比如 | such as A, B and C | areas such as health |
despite | 尽管 | despite + n./doing | despite the warnings |
across | 在…范围内 | across countries | across the 163 countries |
including | 包括 | including A, B and C | including civil society |
by… measures | 根据…衡量标准 | by recent measures | by most recent measures |
no longer | 不再 | no longer + v. | no longer enough |
rather than | 而不是 | A rather than B | well-being rather than GDP |
固定搭配
搭配 | 中文 | 例句 |
---|---|---|
economic prospects | 经济前景 | country’s economic prospects |
civil society | 公民社会 | civil society engagement |
income equality | 收入平等 | improvements in income equality |
environmental quality | 环境质量 | factors such as environmental quality |
education outcomes | 教育成果 | education outcomes are important |
economic activity | 经济活动 | measuring economic activity |
growth figures | 增长数据 | high growth figures |
well-being | 福祉,幸福 | personal well-being |
GDP figures | GDP数据 | worrying about GDP figures |
key indicators | 关键指标 | in key indicators |
make progress | 取得进步 | may even see progress |
economic recovery | 经济复苏 | budding economic recovery |
三、核心句式结构 (Sentence Patterns)
1. 宾语从句句式
基本结构: 主语 + 谓语 + that + 从句
- Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures everything…
- Many argue that it is a flawed concept.
- It can be inferred that…
2. 定语从句句式
基本结构: 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
- everything except that which makes life worthwhile
- policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being
- all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being
3. 状语从句句式
时间状语从句: When GDP is no longer regarded as… 条件状语从句: If everything was going so well… 让步状语从句: While all of these countries face challenges… 原因状语从句: Since the 2008 global crash…
4. 复合结构
With复合结构:
- With Britain voting to leave the European Union…
- With record low unemployment and high growth figures
Rather than结构:
- Rather than just focusing on GDP…
- improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP
5. 被动语态句式
- GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure
- over 40 different sets of criteria have been measured
- The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world
6. 强调句式
It is… that…结构:
- It is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to
- It is essential to consider factors beyond GDP
四、重点语法知识点
1. 时态运用
现在完成时:
- has annoyed policymakers (强调对现在的影响)
- has been the envy (从过去持续到现在)
- have been measured (已完成的动作)
过去完成时:
- had been going so well (过去的过去)
将来时表推测:
- could lead to a decline (可能性推测)
- may even see progress (可能性推测)
2. 非谓语动词
现在分词作状语:
- With Britain voting to leave…
过去分词作定语:
- The sharp hit predicted around the world
- the 163 countries measured
不定式作目的状语:
- to get a more rounded assessment
- to assess what he was referring to
3. 虚拟语气
条件句中的虚拟:
- If everything was going so well… (与现在事实相反)
4. 比较结构
比较级:
- a more rounded assessment
- rather than just focusing on GDP
最高级:
- one of the poorest performers
- the most common method
5. 倒装结构
部分倒装:
- So, what Kennedy was referring to was… (强调what)
五、写作句型模板
1. 引用观点
- According to/As X once said, “…”
- X is cited because he/she…
- What X was referring to was that…
2. 对比论证
- While A…, B…
- Rather than doing A, it is better to do B
- A measures…but misses…
3. 举例说明
- Such as A, B and C
- Including factors like…
- For example/instance…
4. 因果关系
- As a result of…
- Lead to/Result in…
- Due to/Because of…
5. 建议措施
- It is essential to…
- Policymakers should refocus efforts on…
- It requires…to…
6. 总结观点
- This is a lesson that…can learn
- What this shows is that…
- The key point is that…
六、考试应用策略
阅读策略
- 识别关键词汇 – 重点关注上述高频词汇
- 理解句式结构 – 快速分析复杂句式的主干
- 把握逻辑关系 – 注意转折、因果、对比等逻辑词
写作应用
- 词汇替换 – 使用同义词避免重复
- 句式变化 – 运用不同句式增加表达丰富性
- 逻辑连接 – 使用适当的连接词和短语
翻译技巧
- 词汇对应 – 准确理解词汇在语境中的含义
- 句式转换 – 根据中文表达习惯调整句式
- 语义连贯 – 保持前后文的逻辑一致性
这份汇总涵盖了Text3中所有重要的考研要点,建议分阶段记忆和练习,特别是标★★★★★的高频词汇和核心句式。
本网站原创文章版权归何大锤的狂飙日记所有。发布者:何大锤,转转请注明出处:何大锤的博客