一、逐句翻译(附原文及段落标记)
P1(段落标记:)
- 原文:King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.”
翻译:西班牙国王胡安・卡洛斯曾坚称 “国王不退位,他们在睡梦中死去。” - 原文:But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.
翻译:但尴尬的丑闻和共和左翼在近期欧洲选举中的受欢迎程度,迫使他食言并退位。 - 原文:So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?
翻译:那么,西班牙危机是否意味着君主制已时日无多? - 原文:Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?
翻译:这是否意味着所有身着华丽制服、过着奢华生活的欧洲王室都已命数已定?
P2(段落标记:)
- 原文:The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.
翻译:西班牙的案例为支持和反对君主制提供了论据。 - 原文:When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.
翻译:当民意尤其两极分化时(如佛朗哥政权结束后),君主可以超越 “纯粹的” 政治,“体现” 国家统一的精神。
P3(段落标记:)
- 原文:It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of state.
翻译:正是这种明显的政治超越性,解释了君主作为国家元首持续受欢迎的原因。 - 原文:And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra).
翻译:因此,除中东外,欧洲是世界上君主制最密集的地区,有 10 个王国(不计梵蒂冈和安道尔)。 - 原文:But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
翻译:但与海湾和亚洲的专制君主不同,多数欧洲王室得以存续,因为它们让选民无需费力寻找无争议且受人尊敬的公众人物。
P4(段落标记:)
- 原文:Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside.
翻译:即便如此,国王和王后无疑有其弊端。 - 原文:Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history – and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.
翻译:尽管他们声称自己是国家统一的象征,但他们的历史 —— 有时甚至是今日的行为方式 —— 体现了过时且站不住脚的特权和不平等。 - 原文:At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
翻译:在托马斯・皮凯蒂等经济学家警告不平等加剧和继承财富权力日益增长之际,富有的贵族家庭仍成为现代民主国家的象征性核心,这显得颇为怪异。
P5(段落标记:)
- 原文:The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.
翻译:最成功的君主制国家努力摒弃或隐藏其旧有的贵族做派。 - 原文:Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters).
翻译:王子和公主们有日常工作,骑自行车而非骑马(或乘坐直升机)。 - 原文:Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
翻译:即便如此,这些仍是与全球 1% 富豪阶层交往的富裕家庭,媒体的侵扰使它们越来越难以维持恰当的形象。
P6(段落标记:)
- 原文:While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.
翻译:尽管欧洲的君主制无疑足够明智,能在未来一段时间内存续,但英国王室最应从西班牙的例子中感到担忧。
P7(段落标记:)
- 原文:It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style.
翻译:只有女王以其相当普通(尽管富裕)的奶奶风格维护了君主制的声誉。 - 原文:The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.
翻译:危险将来自查尔斯,他既有奢华的生活品味,又持有相当等级化的世界观。 - 原文:He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.
翻译:他未能理解,君主制之所以大多得以存续,是因为它们提供了一种服务 —— 作为无争议且非政治的国家元首。 - 原文:Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.
翻译:查尔斯应该知道,正如英国历史所示,君主制最可怕的敌人是国王本人,而非共和主义者。
二、长难句语法分析
1. 原文
But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.
语法分析
- 主干结构:主语(embarrassing scandals + the popularity…)+ 谓语(have forced)+ 宾语(him)+ 宾补(to eat…and stand down)。
- 并列成分:两个主语由 “and” 连接,谓语用复数形式 “have forced”。
- 固定搭配:”force sb. to do sth.”(迫使某人做某事);”eat one’s words”(食言)。
2. 原文
At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
语法分析
- 时间状语从句:”when Thomas Piketty…inherited wealth” 修饰 “At a time”,说明背景。
- 形式主语结构:”it is bizarre that…” 中,”it” 为形式主语,真正主语是 that 引导的从句。
- 虚拟语气:”should be” 此处表示惊讶,带有轻微的批判意味。
三、题目翻译及解析
Q1. 细节题
原文:According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain .
翻译:根据前两段,西班牙国王胡安・卡洛斯。
选项原文及翻译:
- eased his relationship with his rivals
翻译:缓和了与对手的关系 - used to enjoy high public support
翻译:曾经享有高公众支持率 - was unpopular among European royals
翻译:在欧洲王室中不受欢迎 - ended his reign in embarrassment
翻译:在尴尬中结束统治
解析:
- 定位:首段第 2 句 “embarrassing scandals…forced him to eat his words and stand down”(尴尬的丑闻迫使他退位)。
- 关键对应:“stand down”(退位)对应 “ended his reign”,“embarrassing” 对应 “embarrassment”。
- 答案:D
Q2. 细节题
原文:Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly .
翻译:欧洲保留君主作为国家元首主要是。
选项原文及翻译:
- to give voters more public figures to look up to
翻译:为选民提供更多可仰望的公众人物 - to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
翻译:实现传统与现实的平衡 - owing to their undoubted and respectable status
翻译:由于其无可争议且受人尊敬的地位 - due to their everlasting political embodiment
翻译:因其永恒的政治象征意义
解析:
- 定位:第三段最后一句 “they allow voters to avoid…non-controversial but respected public figure”(避免争议且受人尊敬)。
- 关键对应:“non-controversial but respected” 同义替换 “undoubted and respectable”。
- 答案:C
Q3. 细节题
原文:Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?
翻译:根据第四段,以下哪一项被认为是奇怪的?
选项原文及翻译:
- Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.
翻译:贵族对继承财富的过度依赖。 - The role of the nobility in modern democracies.
翻译:贵族在现代民主国家中的角色。 - The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.
翻译:贵族家庭的简朴生活方式。 - The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.
翻译:贵族对特权的坚守。
解析:
- 定位:第四段最后一句 “it is bizarre that…symbolic heart of modern democratic states”(贵族成为民主国家核心很怪异)。
- 关键对应:“symbolic heart of modern democratic states” 指向 “贵族的角色”,“bizarre” 对应 “odd”。
- 答案:B
Q4. 细节题
原文:The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles .
翻译:英国王室 “最应担忧” 是因为查尔斯。
选项原文及翻译:
- fails to adapt himself to his future role
翻译:未能适应未来角色 - fails to change his lifestyle as advised
翻译:未能按建议改变生活方式 - takes republicans as his potential allies
翻译:将共和主义者视为潜在盟友 - takes a tough line on political issues
翻译:在政治问题上态度强硬
解析:
- 定位:第七段 “He has failed to understand that monarchies…non-political heads of state”(未理解君主需非政治化)。
- 关键对应:查尔斯的 “hierarchical view”(等级观)与 “非政治象征” 角色冲突,属于 “未能适应角色”。
- 答案:A
Q5. 主旨题
原文:Which of the following is the best title of the text?
翻译:以下哪一项是本文的最佳标题?
选项原文及翻译:
- Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined
翻译:卡洛斯:荣耀与耻辱并存 - Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
翻译:查尔斯:急于继承王位 - Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs
翻译:卡洛斯:所有欧洲王室的教训 - Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats
翻译:查尔斯:对即将到来的威胁反应迟缓
解析:
- 全文核心:以西班牙卡洛斯退位为案例,警示欧洲王室(包括英国)君主制的挑战,P6 明确提到 “英国需以西班牙为鉴”。
- 排除干扰:A/D 聚焦个人,B 无中生有,C 贴合 “案例警示” 的主旨。
- 答案:C
题目 | 题型 | 答案选项 | 关键原文段落标记 |
---|---|---|---|
Q1 | 细节题 | D | |
Q2 | 细节题 | C | |
Q3 | 细节题 | B | |
Q4 | 细节题 | A | |
Q5 | 主旨题 | C | 全文结构 |
四、考研单词及短语汇总
单词 | 词性 | 中文释义 | 段落 |
---|---|---|---|
abdicate | v. | 退位 | P1 |
scandal | n. | 丑闻 | P1 |
polarised | adj. | 两极分化的 | P2 |
embody | v. | 体现,象征 | P2 |
transcendence | n. | 超越 | P3 |
absolutist | adj. | 专制的 | P3 |
counterpart | n. | 对应物,同行 | P3 |
downside | n. | 缺点,弊端 | P4 |
indefensible | adj. | 站不住脚的 | P4 |
bizarre | adj. | 怪异的 | P4 |
aristocratic | adj. | 贵族的 | P5 |
intrusiveness | n. | 侵扰性 | P5 |
hierarchical | adj. | 等级制的 | P7 |
granny | n | 奶奶 | |
symbolic | adj | 作为象征的 | |
nobility | n | 贵族 | |
adherence | n | 遵循 |
动词短语
短语 / 表达 | 原文语境 | 释义 | 段落标记 |
---|---|---|---|
eat his words | “forced him to eat his words and stand down” | 食言 | |
stand down | “forced him to eat his words and stand down” | 退位 | |
rise above | “monarchs can rise above ‘mere’ politics” | 超越(政治) | |
party with | “these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%” | 与…… 交往 / 聚会 | |
strive to abandon | “The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.” | 努力摒弃 |
名词短语
短语 / 表达 | 原文语境 | 释义 | 段落标记 |
---|---|---|---|
symbolic heart | “wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states” | 象征性核心 | |
non-controversial public figure | “avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure” | 无争议的公众人物 | |
media intrusiveness | “media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image” | 媒体的侵扰性 | |
hierarchical view | “a pretty hierarchical view of the world” | 等级化的世界观 |
固定搭配 / 习语
短语 / 表达 | 原文语境 | 释义 | 段落标记 |
---|---|---|---|
the writing is on the wall | “Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals” | 濒临终结;不祥之兆 | |
as…as | “as it was following the end of the Franco regime” | 正如…… 一样(表类比) | |
excepted | “the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region” | 除…… 之外 | |
not counting | “with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra)” | 不计…… | |
even so | “Even so, these are wealthy families…” | 即便如此 | 、 |
形容词短语
短语 / 表达 | 原文语境 | 释义 | 段落标记 |
---|---|---|---|
well-heeled | “her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style” | 富裕的(委婉表达) | |
outdated and indefensible | “embody outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities” | 过时且站不住脚的 | |
monarch-infested | “Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world” | 君主制密集的(中性词) |
高频学术词汇短语
短语 / 表达 | 原文语境 | 释义 | 段落标记 |
---|---|---|---|
transcendence of politics | “this apparent transcendence of politics” | 政治超越性 | |
inherited wealth | “the increasing power of inherited wealth” | 继承财富 | |
aristocratic ways | “abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways” | 贵族做派 |
五、文章主旨
本文通过西班牙国王胡安・卡洛斯退位的案例,探讨欧洲君主制的现状与挑战:一方面,君主制在政治极化时期可作为国家统一的象征,因其 “超越政治” 的特性得以存续;另一方面,其历史遗留的特权和不平等与现代民主价值观冲突。文章特别指出,英国王室需警惕西班牙事件的警示,尤其是查尔斯的价值观可能威胁君主制的存续。全文旨在分析君主制的利弊,警示其需通过现代化转型维持合法性。
六、原文
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