一、逐字逐句对照翻译
P1
原文:The US $3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March.
翻译:300 万美元的基础物理学奖确实是一个有趣的实验,正如亚历山大・波利亚科夫在今年 3 月领取该年度奖项时所说。
原文:And it is far from the only one of its type.
翻译:而且这类奖项远非仅此一个。
is far from 远不止
原文:As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.
翻译:正如《自然》杂志的一篇新闻特写文章所探讨的,近年来,一系列为研究人员设立的丰厚奖项加入了诺贝尔奖的行列。
原文:Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.
翻译:许多奖项,如基础物理学奖,其资金来源于互联网企业家数额庞大的银行账户。
telephone-number-sized 数额庞大的
原文:These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.
翻译:这些捐赠者表示,他们在自己选择的领域取得了成功,希望利用自己的财富让人们关注那些在科学领域取得成功的人。
benefactors n 捐赠者
P2
原文:What’s not to like?
翻译:有什么不喜欢的呢?
原文:Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.
翻译:根据这篇新闻特写中引用的几位科学家的说法,不喜欢的地方可不少。
a handful of 意为 “少数的;几个”,表示数量较少,相当于 “a small number of”。
原文:You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.
翻译:正如那句老话所说,“格调是买不来的”,这些新贵企业家无法为他们的奖项买到诺贝尔奖的声望。
upstart
- up(向上)+ start(开始)→ 原指 “突然起家”,后引申为 “暴发户的”。
原文:The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists.
翻译:科学家们表示,这些新奖项是其背后的人进行自我推销的一种手段。
原文:They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.
翻译:它们可能会扭曲以成就为基础、由同行评审主导的研究体系。
distort v 扭曲
peer-review-led 同行评审主导
原文:They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.
翻译:它们可能会巩固同行评审研究的现状。
cement v 巩固
status quo n 现状
原文:They do not fund peer-reviewed research.
翻译:它们不为同行评审的研究提供资金。
原文:They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.
翻译:它们延续了 “孤独天才” 的神话。
perpetuate v 使持续;使长存,使永恒
the lone genius 孤独天才
P3
原文:The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.
翻译:颁奖者的目标似乎和批评意见一样分散。
原文:Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.
翻译:有些人想制造轰动效应,有些人想吸引人们投身科学,或者更好地奖励那些在研究领域开创了自己事业的人。
draw people into science 投身于科学
P4
原文:As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes — both new and old — are distributed.
翻译:正如《自然》此前所指出的,人们对新旧科学奖项的分配方式存在一些合理的担忧。
原文:The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.
翻译:今年设立的 “生命科学突破奖” 对生命科学的涵盖范围持有一种不具代表性的观点。
原文:But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research — as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
翻译:但是,诺贝尔基金会规定每个奖项最多有三位获奖者,且每位获奖者必须在世,这一限制早已被现代研究的协作性质所超越 —— 当涉及到承认希格斯玻色子的发现时,不可避免地会出现关于谁被忽视的争论,这将证明这一点。
outgrown (因发展过快而)不再适用;被…… 超越
A be outgrown by B – A被B超越
collaborative a 协作的
原文:The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.
翻译:当然,诺贝尔奖本身是由一位非常富有的人设立的,他决定了自己想如何使用自己的钱。
原文:Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.
翻译:时间,而非意图,赋予了它们合法性。
legitimacy. n 合法性
P5
原文:As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear.
翻译:尽管有些科学家可能会对这些新奖项有所抱怨,但有两件事似乎很清楚。
As much as – 相当于 “although” 或 “even though”,意为 “尽管;虽然”。
用法 | 例句(非文档内容) | 含义 |
---|---|---|
as much as(让步) | As much as I like him, I can’t agree with his idea. | 尽管我喜欢他,我还是不认同他的观点。 |
as much as(比较) | He earns as much as I do. | 他挣的钱和我一样多。 |
原文:First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.
翻译:首先,如果获得这样的奖项,大多数研究人员都会接受。
原文:Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.
翻译:其次,资金和关注流向科学领域而不是其他地方,这肯定是一件好事。
原文:It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism — that is the culture of research, after all — but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please.
翻译:批评和质疑这种机制是合理的 —— 毕竟,这是研究的文化 —— 但这是颁奖者的钱,他们可以按自己的意愿处理。
as they please. 按照他们自己的意愿
原文:It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
翻译:明智的做法是带着感激和优雅接受这些礼物。
gratitude and grace 感激和优雅
二、长难句语法解析
例句 1:But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research — as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
- 结构分析:
- 主句:the Nobel Foundation’s limit…has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research(被动语态,核心结构为 “limit 被协作性质超越”)。
- 定语:
- of three recipients per prize(介词短语作后置定语,修饰 “limit”)。
- each of whom must still be living(非限制性定语从句,修饰 “recipients”,“whom” 指代 “recipients”)。
- 破折号后:
- as will be demonstrated…(as 引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句内容,as 在从句中作主语)。
- over who is ignored(介词 “over” 后接宾语从句,“who” 作主语)。
- when it comes to acknowledging…(时间状语从句)。
- 翻译:但是,诺贝尔基金会规定每个奖项最多有三位获奖者,且每位获奖者必须在世,这一限制早已被现代研究的协作性质所超越 —— 当涉及到承认希格斯玻色子的发现时,不可避免地会出现关于谁被忽视的争论,这将证明这一点。
例句 2:As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.
- 结构分析:
- 主句:a string of lucrative awards…have joined the Nobel Prizes(主谓宾结构)。
- 从句:As a News Feature article in Nature discusses(as 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句,as 指代主句内容,在从句中作宾语)。
- 翻译:正如《自然》杂志的一篇新闻特写文章所探讨的,近年来,一系列为研究人员设立的丰厚奖项加入了诺贝尔奖的行列。
三、题目解析(配原文翻译)
Q1. 细节题
题干原文:The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as_____.
翻译:基础物理学奖被视为_____。
选项分析:
- A. a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth(企业家财富的象征)
原文仅提到企业家资助奖项,但未提 “象征财富”,属过度推断。 - B. a possible replacement of the Nobel Prize(诺贝尔奖的可能替代品)
原文说新奖项 “加入诺贝尔奖行列”,未提 “取代”。 - C. a handsome reward for researchers(对研究人员的丰厚奖励)
原文 “lucrative awards for researchers” 中 “lucrative” 与 “handsome” 对应,正确。 - D. an example of bankers’ investment(银行家投资的例子)
资金来源是 “Internet entrepreneurs”,非 “bankers”,偷换概念。
答案:C
Q2. 细节题
题干原文:The critics think that the new awards will most benefit .
翻译:批评者认为新奖项将最有利于。
选项分析:
- A. the profit-oriented scientists(追求利润的科学家)
原文未提及 “追求利润的科学家”,无中生有。 - B. the founders of the new award(新奖项的创立者)
原文 “the new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them” 中 “those behind them” 即创立者,正确。 - C. the achievement-based system(以成就为基础的体系)
原文提到新奖项 “distort the achievement-based system”,即扭曲而非有利于。 - D. peer-review-led research(同行评审主导的研究)
原文说新奖项 “cement the status quo” 但 “不资助同行评审研究”,故无益。
答案:B
Q3. 例证题
题干原文:The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves_____.
翻译:希格斯玻色子的发现是一个涉及_____的典型案例。
选项分析:
- A. the joint effort of modern researchers(现代研究人员的共同努力)
原文用该案例证明诺贝尔奖 “三人限制” 与 “collaborative nature of modern research” 矛盾,即需多人协作。 - B. controversies over the recipients’ status(对获奖者地位的争议)
争议点是 “who is ignored”(谁被忽视),非 “地位”,偷换概念。 - C. the demonstration of research findings(研究成果的展示)
案例旨在说明奖项分配问题,非 “展示成果”。 - D. legitimate concerns over the new prize(对新奖项的合理担忧)
案例针对诺贝尔奖,非新奖项。
答案:A
Q4. 细节题
题干原文:According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?
翻译:根据第四段,关于诺贝尔奖,以下哪项是正确的?
选项分析:
- A. History has never cast doubt on them.(历史从未对它们提出过质疑)
原文提到对诺贝尔奖 “三人限制” 有 “legitimate concerns”,说明有过质疑。 - B. They are the most representative honor.(它们是最具代表性的荣誉)
原文仅说新奖项 “unrepresentative”,未称诺贝尔奖 “最具代表性”。 - C. Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.(它们的合法性长期存在争议)
原文 “Time…has given them legitimacy” 表明合法性由时间确立,非 “长期争议”。 - D. Their endurance has done justice to them.(它们的延续性证明了其合理性)
“endurance” 对应 “Time”,“done justice” 对应 “given legitimacy”,符合文意。
答案:D
Q5. 细节题
题干原文:The author believes that the new awards are_____.
翻译:作者认为新奖项是_____。
选项分析:
- A. harmful to the culture of research(对研究文化有害)
原文肯定 “批评机制是合理的”,但未称新奖项 “有害”,反而认可其积极面。 - B. acceptable despite the criticism(尽管有批评但可以接受)
原文 “most researchers would accept” 且 “money to science is a good thing”,并强调 “take with gratitude”,正确。 - C. subject to undesirable changes(会经历不良变化)
原文未提新奖项会 “变化”,无中生有。 - D. unworthy of public attention(不值得公众关注)
作者认为 “attention to science is good”,与选项矛盾。
答案:B
四、全文主旨大意
本文围绕新兴科学奖项(如基础物理学奖)与诺贝尔奖的对比展开,分析新奖项的资金来源(互联网企业家资助)、批评意见(自我推销、扭曲研究体系等),以及诺贝尔奖的局限性(三人限制与协作研究的矛盾)。作者虽承认新奖项存在争议,但强调其积极意义:研究人员普遍接受奖项,资金和关注流向科学领域是好事。全文以中立视角指出,尽管新奖项有缺陷,但其对科学的推动作用值得肯定,应持包容态度。
五、难点重点易错点总结
1. 难点:长难句结构分析
- 挑战:复杂从句(如 as 引导的定语从句、when 引导的时间状语从句)和被动语态的理解。
- 突破:拆分主句与从句,抓住核心谓语(如 “has been outgrown”“joined”),明确指代关系(如 “as” 指代主句内容)。
2. 重点:新旧奖项对比
维度 | 新奖项(如基础物理学奖) | 诺贝尔奖 |
---|---|---|
资金来源 | 互联网企业家(telephone-number-sized accounts) | 个人捐赠(诺贝尔本人) |
批评焦点 | 自我推销、扭曲同行评审体系、延续 “孤独天才” 神话 | 三人限制与协作研究矛盾、分配争议 |
合法性 | 受质疑(prestige 不及诺贝尔奖) | 由时间赋予(Time has given legitimacy) |
3. 易错点:作者态度判断
- 误判:认为作者完全否定新奖项。
- 正解:作者承认批评合理(fair to criticize),但通过 “most researchers would accept”“good thing” 等表述,明确其整体接受的态度,强调 “感激接受”(gratitude and grace)。
六、考研单词短语表格
核心单词
单词 | 词性 | 中文释义 | 原文例句(段落标记) |
---|---|---|---|
lucrative | adj. | 丰厚的 | a string of lucrative awards |
benefactor | n. | 捐赠者 | These benefactors have succeeded… |
prestige | n. | 声望 | cannot buy…the prestige of the Nobels |
distort | v. | 扭曲 | distort the achievement-based system |
cement | v. | 巩固 | cement the status quo… |
perpetuate | v. | 延续 | perpetuate the myth of the lone genius |
collaborative | adj. | 协作的 | collaborative nature of modern research |
acknowledge | v. | 承认 | acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson |
核心短语
短语 | 中文释义 | 原文例句(段落标记) |
---|---|---|
far from | 远非 | it is far from the only one… |
a string of | 一系列 | a string of lucrative awards |
peer-review-led | 同行评审主导的 | peer-review-led research |
set up | 设立 | the Nobels were set up by… |
rather than | 而不是 | Time, rather than intention… |
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