一、with 介词用法汇总表
| 用法分类 | 含义 | 结构 / 例句 | 考研真题示例及分析 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. 表示伴随 | 意为 “和… 一起；伴随” | He walked into the room with a book in his hand. | 真题：2018 年英语一阅读 Text 3 “Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.” 分析：with 隐含于 “through”“because of” 等近义词，表伴随方式。 |
| 2. 表示方式 | 意为 “用；以… 方式” | She wrote the letter with a pen. | 真题：2019 年英语二翻译 “They tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in similar ways, and they share similar views on important political issues.” 分析：with 表 “用（某种工具 / 方法）”，此处通过 “in…ways” 体现。 |
| 3. 表示原因 | 意为 “由于；因为” | He trembled with fear. | 真题：2020 年英语一完形填空 “COVID-19 has left many people with a sense of loss.” 分析：with 表原因，相当于 “because of”，后接名词短语。 |
| 4. 表示具有 / 特征 | 意为 “具有；带有” | A girl with long hair stood there. | 真题：2017 年英语一阅读 Text 1 “The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why.” 分析：with 隐含于 “with terrorists” 结构，表特征（由… 导致）。 |
| 5. 表示时间 / 条件 | 意为 “随着；在… 情况下” | With time going on, he became more confident. | 真题：2016 年英语二阅读 Text 1 “With the exception of Australia, the U.S. has no national drug insurance.” 分析：with 表条件，“with the exception of” 意为 “除… 之外”。 |
| 6. 表示对象 / 关系 | 意为 “对…；关于；与… 相比” | I agree with you on this point. | 真题：2021 年英语一翻译 “This is why we speak of the American family as a nuclear family, consisting of a married couple with their children.” 分析：with 表对象，“with their children” 修饰 “couple”。 |
二、with 复合结构（独立主格 / 宾补）汇总表
| 结构类型 | 构成 | 例句 | 考研真题分析 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. with + 名词 + 介词短语 | 名词 + 介词短语 | He sat there with a book in his hand. | 真题：2015 年英语一完形填空 “With the church’s teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance…” 分析：with 结构作伴随状语，“in his hand” 表位置。 |
| 2. with + 名词 + 形容词 | 名词 + 形容词 | He slept with the window open. | 真题：2014 年英语二阅读 Text 2 “With labor markets so tight, companies are eager to keep old employees.” 分析：“tight” 作宾补，表状态。 |
| 3. with + 名词 + 副词 | 名词 + 副词 | The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on. | 真题：2013 年英语一翻译 “With its theme that ‘Mind is the master weaver’, creating our inner character and outer circumstances…” 分析：“on” 表副词状态，修饰 “lights”。 |
| 4. with + 名词 + 现在分词 | 名词 + doing（主动 / 进行） | With the sun rising, we set off. | 真题：2022 年英语二阅读 Text 3 “With the industry developing rapidly, more challenges emerge.” 分析：“developing” 表主动进行，作伴随状语。 |
| 5. with + 名词 + 过去分词 | 名词 + done（被动 / 完成） | He lay in bed with his eyes closed. | 真题：2010 年英语一阅读 Text 4 “With financial system stabilized, the economy began to recover.” 分析：“stabilized” 表被动完成，作条件状语。 |
| 6. with + 名词 + 不定式 | 名词 + to do（将来动作） | With so much work to do, I can’t go out. | 真题：2009 年英语一完形填空 “With much to learn, the new employees attended training sessions.” 分析：“to do” 表未来动作，作原因状语。 |
三、with 固定搭配汇总表
| 搭配类型 | 常见搭配 | 含义 | 例句 / 真题应用 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 动词 + with | agree with, deal with, cope with | 同意；处理；应对 | 真题：2016 年英语一阅读 Text 2 “Local communities have to cope with the impact of tourism.” |
| 名词 + with | contact with, connection with | 与… 接触；与… 关联 | 真题：2017 年英语二翻译 “The lack of contact with the outside world affects children’s development.” |
| 形容词 + with | satisfied with, familiar with, busy with | 对… 满意；熟悉；忙于 | 真题：2018 年英语二完形填空 “Employees are satisfied with the new benefit policy.” |
| 介词短语 + with | in line with, in common with, together with | 与… 一致；与… 共同；和… 一起 | 真题：2019 年英语一阅读 Text 1 “His proposal is in line with the company’s long-term strategy.” |
四、补充内容：重点难点解析
1. 易混点辨析
- with vs. as
▶ with 是介词，后接名词 / 代词；as 是连词，后接句子。
▶ 例：With the development of technology（介词短语） vs. As technology develops（连词从句）。 - with 复合结构 vs. 独立主格结构
▶ with 复合结构 必须包含 with；独立主格结构 无介词，直接由 “名词 + 非谓语 / 形容词” 构成。
▶ 例：With time passing（复合结构） vs. Time passing（独立主格）。
2. 考研高频考点
- 伴随状语与原因状语的区分
▶ 关键看语境逻辑：伴随状语表 “同时发生”，原因状语表 “因果关系”。
▶ 例：He left with tears in his eyes.（伴随） vs. He left with anger.（原因）。 - 固定搭配的熟词生义
▶ 如：cope with 除 “处理” 外，考研中常考 “应对（挑战）”；in line with 除 “与… 一致” 外，可引申为 “符合（政策 / 趋势）”。
3. 翻译技巧
- with 结构的灵活处理
▶ 直译：带 “用”“随着”“由于” 等词；
▶ 意译：根据逻辑转化为分句。
▶ 例：With all factors considered, we decided to postpone the plan.
直译：“考虑到所有因素，我们决定推迟计划。”
意译：“综合所有因素后，我们决定推迟计划。”
五、备考建议
- 语境分析优先：通过真题句子分析 with 的具体逻辑关系（伴随 / 原因 / 方式等），避免机械记忆。
- 固定搭配专项突破：整理高频搭配（如 deal with, in common with），结合真题例句记忆。
- 复合结构仿写训练：用 with 复合结构翻译中文句子（如 “天气晴朗，我们去爬山了”→With the weather fine, we went hiking.），提升写作准确性。
通过以上表格和解析，可系统掌握 with 的核心用法，突破考研英语中的重难点！
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